近日，汇仲律师事务所高级合伙人汤竟律师团队代理的一起最高人民法院重二审案件，获得全面胜诉。最高人民法院终审认定：汇仲客户以落实反担保为目的签署并备案的85份《商品房买卖合同》合法有效，对方以“在先权利”为由提出的注销备案、交付房产并办理过户的全部诉讼请求，均被驳回。

本案涉及恶意串通制度的适用、反担保的履行及违约责任认定、债权转让、以物抵债以及多重处分的履行顺位等多个法律争点，对解决同类权利冲突的复杂纠纷具有示范意义。汇仲团队的代理过程历时六年，历经原二审、重一审、重二审多轮审理，最终实现逆转，为客户避免了数亿元的重大经济损失。

Recently, the team led by Senior Partner Tang Jing of Hui Zhong Law Firm secured a complete favorable judgment in a remanded second-instance case heard by the Supreme People’s Court. In its final ruling, the Supreme People’s Court confirmed the validity of the 85 Commercial Housing Sales Contracts signed and filed for recordation by our client to perfect counter-security measures. All counterparty claims to cancel the record filings, deliver the properties and complete title transfer on the ground of "prior rights were dismissed in full.

This case involves multiple core legal disputes, including the application of the bad-faith collusion doctrine, performance and liability for breach of counter-security, assignment of claims, debt offset by property transfer, and priority of performance among multiple asset dispositions. It serves as a landmark precedent for resolving complex disputes over conflicting property rights. Our representation spanned six years across multiple rounds of proceedings: original second instance, remanded first instance, and remanded second instance. We secured a complete reversal, saving our client hundreds of millions of yuan in potential economic losses.

困局：原审败诉，关联判决又添不利

案件源于某大型商业地产项目爆雷引发的连锁纠纷。我方介入时，客户面临的局面已十分严峻：原一审判决认定客户构成恶意串通，案涉协议被确认无效；更棘手的是，一份由最高人民法院作出的关联生效判决，在关键事实认定上对客户极为不利。一旦原判生效，客户为化解债务危机所付出的数亿元真金白银将化为乌有。在此危局下，客户委托我们向最高人民法院提起上诉。

The Crisis: Adverse Original Judgment Plus Unfavorable Related Ruling

The dispute stemmed from a chain of conflicts triggered by the collapse of a large commercial real estate project. When our firm was retained, our client faced an extremely grim situation. The original first-instance judgment ruled that our client had engaged in bad-faith collusion and set aside the underlying agreements. Worse still, a binding related judgment issued by the Supreme People’s Court contained unfavorable findings on key factual issues. If the original judgment stood, the hundreds of millions of yuan our client had invested to resolve its debt crisis would be completely lost. Faced with this critical predicament, the client entrusted us to file an appeal with the Supreme People’s Court

破局：回归交易本源，逐层拆解对方主张

重塑事实：穿透交易表象，还原交易真实逻辑。办案团队耗时两月，全面查阅尘封多年的档案，并对当年的项目负责人、经办员工逐一深度访谈，精准还原案涉交易原貌——客户先签订案涉合同并办理备案登记，本质是在落实一笔反担保措施；后续以房抵债行为，亦源于真实合法的交易背景。这一交易背景还原，使原审判决所依据的事实基础不再成立。

瓦解权利：深度剖析对方法律关系，动摇请求权基础。对方主张其合法权益受损，核心理由是认为其已通过债权转让取得了项目公司的全部开发权益。我们深度剖析系列协议文本，结合关联裁判文书与抵押登记情况，向最高人民法院完整呈现了对方与项目公司之间“名为债权转让、实为反担保”的真实法律关系，并指明其未完成反担保所需的物业备案、不享有期待权或优先受偿权等关键事实。法院最终认可了我方上述主张。

利益平衡：让数据呈现，揭示实质不公。我们用文字、数字和图表向法庭清晰呈现了利益对比：对方未付分文对价，却已获巨额利益；客户已代偿数亿元，一旦败诉将无任何物业可供抵债。穿透法律形式之后，裁判结果的实质公正性已一目了然。

Breaking the Deadlock: Return to the Substance of the Transaction and Dismantle the Counterparty’s Claims Layer by Layer

1. Reconstruct the Full Factual Background, Piercing Formal Transaction Arrangements to Restore True Intent

Our legal team spent two full months sorting through archived documents stored for years and conducting in-depth one-on-one interviews with the project’s former management and staff. We fully restored the true nature of the transaction: our client signed and filed the commercial housing sales contracts solely to perfect a set of counter-security arrangements. The subsequent debt-for-property transfer also arose from genuine, lawful underlying dealings. This restored factual foundation undermined the core factual premises relied upon in the original adverse judgment.

2. Discredit the Counterparty’s Purported Rights and Undermine the Basis of Its Claim

We thoroughly unpacked the counterparty’s purported legal relationships. The opposing side argued it had acquired all development rights of the project company via assignment of claims. By conducting a comprehensive analysis of all series agreements, cross-referencing related judgments and mortgage registration records, we presented a complete argument to the Supreme People’s Court proving the purported "claim assignment" was in substance a counter-security arrangement. We highlighted critical factual defects: the counterparty failed to complete required property recordation formalities for its security, and therefore held no legitimate expectancy rights or priority of repayment. The court fully adopted our reasoning on this point.

3. Demonstrate Imbalanced Equities Through Data and Visual Analysis to Highlight Substantive Unfairness

We submitted written arguments, numerical comparisons and visual charts to the tribunal to clearly illustrate the stark imbalance of interests: the counterparty paid no consideration whatsoever yet stood to reap massive gains, while our client had already repaid hundreds of millions of yuan in obligations and would be left with no recoverable assets if the appeal failed. Once the superficial legal formalities were set aside, the substantive unfairness of a ruling against our client became self-evident.

新局：典型规则引领与实务价值昭示

本案及其关联案件的审理结果，均经最高人民法院审判委员会民事行政审判专业委员会讨论决定，其复杂程度与典型意义不言而喻。案件集中彰显了最高人民法院尊重客观交易事实、维护真实合法交易秩序的裁判理念，对规范市场交易行为、稳定商事交易预期，具有十分积极的价值。

司法层面：本案明确了恶意串通的适用边界，厘清了反担保履行与债权转让等交叉法律关系的认定标准。法院采用穿透式审判思维，不拘泥于表面交易形式，探究当事人的真实意思表示与交易实质。这一裁判思路为处理涉及多重法律关系嵌套的复杂商事争议提供了参照，有助于统一此类案件的裁判尺度。

行业层面：针对房地产项目爆雷引发的连锁纠纷，本案展示了通过事实还原和法律关系深度剖析平衡各方权益的可行路径，为司法实践中大型房地产项目的风险处置提供了实务范本。对于房地产开发企业及相关金融机构而言，本案同样是一记有力的警示：在开展融资、担保及资产处置活动时，必须高度重视交易背景的真实性与法律手续的完备性，否则任何法律关系上的模糊地带，都可能在未来引发长达数年的诉讼拉锯，代价沉重。

律师代理工作层面：本案也为复杂疑难民商事诉讼的代理提供了值得参考的样本。面对原审已固定的不利事实，办案团队不囿于法律抗辩，而是回溯全案，穷尽还原客观事实，从根源上重构抗辩基础，最终实现逆转。这再次印证了在疑难商事案件中，极致的事实还原所具有的核心作用。

这场历时六年的诉讼攻防，从原一审全面败诉到重二审终审全胜，逆转的背后，是代理律师对事实的极致还原、对法律关系的精准剖析，以及对裁判趋势的敏锐把握。汇仲律所将持续深耕复杂商事争议解决领域，依托此类案件的实践经验，不断提升在重大疑难案件中的破局能力。同时，汇仲律所也将持续关注各级法院司法实践前沿与裁判规则演进，以专业实践推动法律适用标准的统一，为行业高质量发展提供专业支持。

Landmark Precedent & Practical Significance

The judgments in this case and its related matters were deliberated and approved by the Civil and Administrative Division of the Judicial Committee of the Supreme People’s Court, reflecting its exceptional complexity and exemplary value. The ruling embodies the Supreme People’s Court’s judicial philosophy of honoring genuine transaction facts and upholding legitimate commercial arrangements, carrying far-reaching positive implications for regulating market conduct and stabilizing commercial transaction expectations.

Judicial Significance

The judgment defines the applicable scope of the bad-faith collusion doctrine and clarifies the adjudication standards for intertwined legal relationships involving counter-security performance and claim assignment. Adopting a substantive, form-piercing judicial approach, the court prioritizes parties’ true intent and the underlying substance of transactions over superficial contractual wording. This reasoning establishes authoritative guidance for complex commercial disputes with layered, overlapping legal relationships and promotes consistent judicial standards nationwide.

Industry Significance

For chain disputes arising from troubled real estate projects, the case sets out a viable judicial framework for balancing competing interests via factual reconstruction and in-depth dissection of legal relationships. It delivers a practical model for courts handling risk resolution of large-scale real estate developments. It also sounds a clear warning to real estate developers and financial institutions: all financing, security and asset disposal transactions must be built on authentic factual backgrounds with complete, standardized legal formalities. Ambiguities in legal structures risk years of protracted, costly litigation down the line.

Guidance for Legal Representation

This matter serves as a benchmark for litigating complex civil and commercial disputes. Rather than relying solely on legal arguments against pre-established adverse factual findings from lower courts, our team revisited the entire case file to exhaustively reconstruct objective facts and rebuild our defense from the ground up, ultimately securing a full reversal. It once again proves that exhaustive, granular factual reconstruction is the core winning factor in high-stakes complicated commercial litigation.

汇仲团队：